Telescope.



PATENTED APR. 24, .1906.

E. TRAPP.

TELESCOPE. I APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14, 1904 7 SHEETS-SHEBT 1.

" ATTORNEY PATEN-TED APR. 24, 1906.

A. TRAPP. TELESCOPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14,1904

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I INVENTOR dwu/h Z I WITNESSES: 2 6W ATTOENEY PATENTED APR. 24, 1966.

' E..A. TRAPP.

TELESCOPE.

APPLICATION FILED Nomi-1,1904.

7 SHEETSSHEET 3.

PATBNTED APR. 24, 1906.

E. A. TRAPP.

TELESCOPE. APPLICATION FILED NOV.14,1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4 WITNESSES: %M4nm4 PATENTED APR. 24,1906. 1.-

E. A. TRAPP.

TELESCOPE. APPLICATION mum NOV.;14,1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5 a w l at 7 INVENTOR ATTORNEY SW a. 1%.

WITNESSES: 1

No. 8l8,489.-

7 SHEETSSHEET 7 iNVENTOB WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 24, 1906.

Application filed November 14,1904. Serial No 232.591.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD A. TRAPP, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telescopes,of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in telescopes and in thecombination therewith of apparatus for photographing the objectsobserved through the telescope, and while my invention is not limited inevery instance to the observation and photographing of ob jects locatedin the water or at the bottom of rivers or theocean the apparatusinvented by me is especially adapted for such uses.

My invention is presented in this application as embraced in a submarinetelescope, to which, when desired, may be applied apparatus forphotographing the objects observed.

My invention comprises the various features and arran ements of partshereinafter described and c aimed, and in its preferred and mostcomplete form the apparatus of my invention comprises an exterior tubecomposed of sections connected together by airtight joints, an innerobservation-tube, a magnifying-lens or magnifying-lenses at the eyepieceof the instrument, a box at the objective end of the instrument,anobjective lens carried by said box in line with the said inner tube, ahorizontally-disposed tube carrying an objective-lens connected withsaid box, a reflector within said box and adapted to be moved from overthe first-mentioned objective-lens and to close said horizontal tube, sothat an observation straight through the instrument may be made orreturned over said first-1nentioned objective lens and caused to standat an angle-of forty-five degrees to said horizontal tube, so that anobservation in a horizontal direction may be made, means forphotographing the objects observed through the medium of either of saidlenses, means for illuminating the region about the objective end oftheinstrument, means for operating said reflector, said photographieapparatus, and said illuminating means from above the surface of thewater,

ineans for extracting the air from within the tubes of the instrument,so as to pit-vent condensation on the lenses and imperfect observations,and means for mounting saidirj'strument so that it may be turned axiallyfor the purpose of permitting the horizontal observation to be carriedon in any direction, all as hereinafter fully described.

The instrument of my invention may be supported in any manner desiredorv found most convenient, and inthe drawings I illustrate two methods'of supporting and arranging the same, one being by means of a plat formor ca e yieldingly suspended from yardarms or ot erwise at the side of avessel and the other by means contained within the vessel, theinstrument being extended down through a proper vertical opening made inthe hold of the vessel.

The invention and satisfactory means for carrying the same into effectwill be fully understood from the detailed descriptio hereinafterpresented, reference being ha to theaccompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly broken away, of the upper portionsof the instrument. Fig. '2 is a like View of the middle and lowerportions of the instrument, this figure being a continuation of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is an enlarged detached central vertical section of the means forholding the objective or collecting-lens at the lower portion of theinstru,

ment, this lens being shown as a double concave cylindrical lens withthe concavities thereof extending at right angles to each other. Fig. 4is an elevation showin in its right-hand half the top of Fig. 3 and inits left-handhalf the bottom of Fig. 3. Fig. 5

is an enlarged detached side elevation of one of the spurs applied tothe box at the obj ective end of the instrument to protect the sameagainst attacks of inhabitants of the sea. Fig. 6 is a top view of same.Fig. 7 is a detached side elevation of the suspended platform or cagesupporting the instrument with the electric switchboard and otherdevices connected therewith. F ig. 8 is a top View of same. Fig. 9 is adetached side elevation, partly broken away, of a pump for extractingthe air from within the telescope, so that no eondtmsation shall takeplace therein or on the lenses thereof, said pump being also capable ofuse as a force-pump to blow out any foreign matter from the tubes whendesired. Fig. 10 shows detached elevations of the vacuum andpressuregages located. on the switchboard at the upper portion of theinstrument. Fig. 1] shows a side and a top view of one of the bandsapplied upon the outer tube of the instrument to receive the lower endsof ropes for maintaining the instrument. Fig. 12 is an enlarged detachedside elevation of a springhanger by which the platform or cage at theupper portion of the instrument may beyield- ,ingly suspended. 13is adetached side 5 elevation, partly broken away and partly in section,of aportion of the tubesof the instrument and showing more particularly thecoupling for connectin the sections of the outer tube in an air-tig tmanner, the upper portion of Fig. 13 showing in side elevation the uppermember of the coupling and the lower ortion thereof showing in verticalsec tion t e lower member of said coupling. Fig. 14 is a view taken fromthe top of Fig. 13

15 with one-half of the upper coupling member cut away to disclose thetop of one-half of the lower coupling member. Fig. 15 is a centralvertical section, partly broken away, of the upper portion of theinstrument. Fig. 16 is a view taken from the top of Fig. 15 with theleft-hand half in section on the line 16 of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is adetached top view of an inner coupling member connected with the innertube and at itsouter edges engaging a coup- 2 5 ling on the outer tubeof the instrument, this "coupling me her serving to maintain the innertube centrally within the outer tube and being provided with verticalopenings through which the electric wires may pass.

Fig. 18 is a top view of a portion of the inner tube and is presented toshow the spacingflanges thereon to aid in maintaining the inner, tubecentrally within the outer tube and to keep the electric wires properlyseparated 5 from one another. Fig. 19 is a side elevation, partly brokenaway, of same. Fig. 20

. is a'sectional elevation of that portion of the instrument adjacent'tothe floor of the-supporting cage or platform and is presented to 0illustrate the turn-table by means of which the entire instrument may beturned axially when desired. Fig. 21 is a top view, partly in section,of same, the left-hand half of Fig. 2-1 being in section on the dottedline 21 5 21 of Fig. 20. Fig. 22 is a detached side elevation, partly invertical section, of one form of oxfor the objective end of theinstrument, this box carrying the lenses, re-

flector, electric lamps, and photographic ap- 50 paratus. Fig. 23 is ahorizontal. section through an end portion of same, this section beingintended more particularly to disclose the photographic apparatus." Fig.24 is a side elevation, ,partly'in vertical section, of

a box for the objective end of the instrument, this box carrying thelenses, reflector,

and electric lamps, but omitting the photographic apparatus. Fig.'25. isa top view of -the'lower portion of same, the upper portion 66 of thecasing being omitted to more fully disclose the interior parts inclosedby the box. Fig. 26 is a sectional view througha portion of'a vessel andis presentedto show a method of utilizing the telescope in.takingobservw tions directly below the vessel. Fig. 27

" supported detached side elevation of a portion-of the telescopeprojected below the bottom of the vessel shown in Fig. 26, and Fig. 28is an elevation of the lower or objective end of same.- In the drawings,40 designates the exterior barrel or tube of the instrument; 41, theinterior tube through which observations are made; 42, the eyepieceportion of the instrument; 43, a box at the objective end of theinstrument and containing the collecting or objective lenses andphotographic apparatus, and 44 the platform, cage, or cradle by means ofwhich the entire instrument may be and upon which the person operatingthe instrument may stand or be seated. The platform 44 may be simply asuspended platform surrounded by railing, as shown, or a float or adeck. In the present instance I illustrate the platform 44 as asuspended platform, the same being provided with theupwardly-extending'rods 45, Figs. 7 and 8, adapted hanger of thecharacter shown in Fig. 12, this hanger comprising the loop 46, slide 47sliding rod 48, connected with the slide 47 and adapted to move througha stop-plate 49, a ring 50, connected with the lower end of said rod 48and receivin the rods ,45,guiderods 51, on which the sli e 47 moves andis guided, and a coiled spring 52, confined between the slide 47 andstop-plate 49. The weight of the platform 44 and of the arts suspendedtherefrom will operate to pu l the ,slide 47 downwardly against thespring 52 and enable the latter to cushion the entire instrument, andthis is a feature of advantage, since it will relieve the instrumentfrom unnecessary jarring or swaying action and make it convenient forthe operator to keep his eye at the eyepiece portion of the instrumentat times when thesea is'rough. The hanger (shown in Fig. 12) may besuspended in a hinged manner from a boom, yard-arm, or other supportextended outwardly from the side of a vessel.

The body 40 or tubular barrel of the instrument is composed of a seriesof sections 53, united together in an air-tightmanner by to be suspendedfrom a spr ng couplings whose construction is more clearly illustratedin Figs. 1, 2, 13, and 14, and which couplings each comprise a lowermember 54, secured to the upper end of one of the sections. 53, and anupper member 55', secured to .the lower end of the adjoining section.53. The coupling members 54 v55 are of cast metal, and the ends of thesections 53 are se curedto them by screw-threads and solder, so as toform air-tight joints. The coupling members 54 55 upon connecting thesections 53 are bolted together in a usual manner, as illustrated- Theinner tube 41 is-also com? posed of a series of sections correspondingwith the exterior sections-53 and secured at their ends within thecouplin members 54 55.. The means-for securing the ends of the sectionsof the inner tube 41 are more clearly illustrated in Figs. 13, 15, 16,and 17 and comprise a tubular frame 56, having a hori-.

zontal flange 57 extending out\\-'ardly upon the coupling member 54 andseated within a recess formed. therein. vented from turning axiallyindependently of the coupling member 54 by means of studs 58, Fig. 13,which are rigid with the coupling member 54 and enter recesses 59, Fig.17, formed. in the edge of said plate 57. The tubular portion of theframe 56 has the end of the inner tube-section fastened within it, andthe flange portion 57 of said frame maintains the inner tubeconcentrically within the outer tube and in addition is formed withvertical openings 60, Fig. 14, through which the electric wires may passand be kept properly separated from one another, my purpose being thatthese Wires, which will be utilized Q for creating the illumination andoperating the photographic apparatus, shall pass through the spaceintermediate the outer tube 40and inner tube 41. The frame 56 is alsoformed with an upwardly-extending tubular portion 61, Fig. 13, whichwill receive the lower end of the next adjacent section of the tube 41,and thereby aid in maintaining said end in proper alinement within theexterior tube 40.

The coupling members 54 are formed with annular grooves 62, Fig. 13, toreceive the,

metallic bands 63, Figs. 1, 2, and 11, which are composed of twocorresponding parts connected together by bolts, as shownin Fig. 1.1,and receiving between their adjacent ends and upon said bolts the lowerends of the cables 64, Fig. 2, by which the instrument may when desiredbe maintained free from contact with the side of a-vessel from which theplatform 44 may be suspended. The bands 63 may tightly fit the couplingmembers 54, if desired; but when it is intended to mount the instrumentso that it may be turned axially the bands 63 should lie loose withinthe grooves 62 of the coupling members 54, so that the cables 64 may notinterfere with the axial turning back and forth of the instrrnnent.

At the eyepiece 42 of the instrument is provided a telescope 65, withits lenses or other suitable enlarging lenses, my invention not beinglimited to the special lenses which may be applied to the eyepieceportion of the instrument. I

Immediately below the eyepiece portion 42 of the instrument I provide abox 66, Fig. 15, having at its lower portion a dependent flange 67 toreceive in an air-tight manner the upper end of the exterior tube orbarrel 46. At the upper inner portion of the box 66 is secured one ofthe frames 56, hereinbefore referred to, to receive the upper end of theinner tube 41, which tube is in direct alinement with theeyepieceportion of the instrument.

The plate 57 is pre-' Surrounding the inner tube 41 within the lowerportion of the box 66 is a plate 68. which aids in maintaining thc tube41 ccntrally within the exterior tube 46 and contains vertical openings,Figs. 15 and 16, through which the electric wires may pass. Upon theupper end of the box 66 is provided a plate 69, and this plate is formedwith a flange 70, to which is secured the lower end of the eyepieceportion of the instrument, and all of the joints about the box 66 andplate 69 are air-tight. The box 66 forms within it a chamber 71, whichis in communication with the outer tube 46 and inner tube 41, and to airwithin said chamber and tubes, soasi-to drive out any foreign matterwhich may at the time be therein, said tube 72 being a vacuum-tube andthe tube 73 being provided for .forcing air into the instrument. Iregard it of great importance to provide means for extracting the airfrom within the tubes 40 and 41, and especially from within that portionof the instrument containing the various lenses, because by extractingthe air from these parts condensation on the lenses is prevented andmore perfect images reflected. The prevention of condensation in theinstrument also avoids corrosiol'i of the metal parts. The essentialfeature is, however, to prevent condensation of air on the lenses,because such condensation would ob scure the vision through the lensesand impair the utility of the instrument as a whole. The plate 69constitutes 'aswitchboard, and upon this plate I mount the gages 75 76,Fig. 10, to indicate the degree of vacuum or airpressure within thechamber 71, and also a scries of electric buttons 275 (indicated inFigs. 7 and 8) for the electricwires used for purposes of illuminationand photographing at the objective end of the instrument. Thecircuit-Wires from the switchboard 69 will cxtend through insulatedposts or tubcs 77. provided in the vertical'sidcs ol' the box 66, asshown in Fig. 15. The electric buttons 275 on the switchboard 69 and theposts 77, carried by the box 66, and thcclcctric wires, being of usualand familiar form and construction, do not require any specialdescription herein, for which reason the electric wires are onlydiagrammatically illustrated, the wiring in respect ofthe.prcscntinvcntion bcing l'a miliar practice.

Immediately above the lloor of the platform or cage 44 I provide a turntable, (shown more clearly in Figs. 26 and 21.) upon which theinstrument as a whole may be supported and have an axial motion. Thisturn tzi-blc comprises a substantial base-plate 7S, scoured upon theplatform 44 and having a race 79 to receive ball-bearings S6 81, uponwhich which the exterior tube and inner tube 41 extend free of the flooror platform 44 and plate 78, said tubes being supported by the couplingmember 54 and being capable of be- 'ing turned axially therewith. Thepurpose of so mounting the instrument that it may be turned axiallywillappear hereinafter in connection with the description of the lenses atthe objective end of the instrument. The instrument is to be turnedaxially by the attendant standing on the platform,44, and to facilitatethe axial turning of the instrument I provide the switchboard 69 withopposi't-ely projecting handles 84, as shown in Fig. 8.

During the axial turning of the instrument the inner tube 41 iscompelled to move with. the outer tube 40 by reason of the frames 56,hereinbefore referred to, being secured to the inner tube-sections andalso to the coupling members 54, which are rigid with the outertube-sections, and, as above explained, the inner tube 41 is keptcentrally of the outer tube 40 by means of the flanges '57, connectedwithsaid frames 56, and through apertures in which flanges the electricwires passto the space intermediate the inner and outer tubes. The innertube 41 may also be provided with ang1e-iron plates 85, as shown inFigs. 18, 19, 21, for the purpose of centering the same within the outertube 40. and of affording separated spaces through which the electricwires may pass.

The box'at the objective end of the instrument may or may not beprovided with photographic apparatus, as may be preferred, and theinterior of the said box less thephotographic apparatus is shown moreclearly in Figs. 24 and 25, While the photographic apparatus. isindicated more particularly in Figs. 22 and'f23. Since the lenses aremore clearly represented inFig. 24, I will first describe theconstruction there shown. It is obvious that the exterior outlines ofthe box- 43 are not of much importance, and preferably the s aid boxwill comprise two main-portions, the upper portion affording a chamberand the lower portion a base 86, supporting as nearly as possible all ofthe interior parts of; the'box. In Fig. 24 the base 86 is shown asformed with a vertical tubular portion 87 in line with the inner tiibe41 of the instrument, and fastened to the lower end of this portion '87is an alined tube 88, carrying at its lower end the objective-lens 89,which is spring 101 which secured by the threaded sleeve 90, which mayalso be externally threaded, as at 91, to receive an ordinary cap, whichmay be, when desired, applied over the lens 89. The lens .89 is what Iterm .a fdouble-concave cylindrical lens, having upper and lower concavesurfaces 92 93, which extend at an angle to each other. The concavities.92 93 of the lens 89 will extend at a true right angle to each otherwhen perfect reflections are desired; but in any instance in which adistorted reflection or picture .is desired the concavities will extendat an angle other than a right angle to each other. The tube 88 isprojected downwardly, and hence the lens 89 is intended'for reflectionsand observations directly below or in line with the main instrument. Atthe side of the box. 43 is provided a horizontally disposed tube 94, towhich is secured a short tubular section 95, carrying a lens 96,.corresponding with the lens 89 just above described, and the lens 96,being pro-' jected horizontally from the side of the box 43, is intendedfor use in obtaining reflections or making observations in a directionat right angles to the main line of the instrument. The capacity of theinstrument for horizontal reflections and observations is the reason forproviding the turn-table hereinbefore described, upon which'theinstrument may be turned axially. In the absence of ability to turn theinstrument axially the lens 96 could only reflect images directlyinfront of it, said lens then being stationary; but with the axialturning of the instrument it is obvious that the lens 96 may be pointedin any horizontal direction and its field of usefulness very greatlyincreased. Within the box'43 I provide a reflector-mirror 97, whichin,Fig. 24 is shown as disposed at an angle of forty-five degrees to theline of the horizontally-project-ed lens 96 andat an angle of forty-fivedegrees to the line of the inner tube 41, and

when the reflector 97 is in this position the image transmitted throughthe lens 96 will be reflected through the inner tube 41, and at suchtime also the reflector conceals the lens 89 from the said inner tube41. The reflector 97 will therefore be allowed to remain in theforty-five-degree angular position (shown in Fig. 24) only when it isdesired to make observations in a horizontal direction by means of thelens 96. When it is desired to make observations vertically through thelens 89, the reflector 97 will be turned upwardly against the flange9'8, surrounding the inner end of the tubular portion 94 of the box 43,and to admit of the convenient operation of the reflector 97 the latteris secured in a hinged manner upon a pin 99 and is provided with aweighted arm 100 and also with a spring 101. The weighted arm 109normally tends to turn the reflector 97 upwardly toward the flange 98against the stress ofthe normally acts to retain the reflector in itsangular position, (shown in Flg. 24,) said s rmg being able to overcomethe force of t e weighted arm 100. In

order ;to insure the upward, turning of the reflector 97 from theosition in whichit is shown in Fig. 24 to position against the flange98,- I provide within the box 43 an electromagnet 102, which may beenergized at the pro or time by the attendant on the platform net.

4 4 or the purpose of attracting the weighted arm 100 and drawing thesame downwardly against the stress of the spring 101, the electromagnet102 when energized being capable of attracting to itself the said arm100 and of holding said arm until deenergized, when it will release thearm 100 and the spring 101 i will return the reflector 97 to its angularposition shown. The electromagnet 102 will be under the control of theattendant on the platform 44, who will simply press one or more of thebuttons on the switchboard 69 for energizing and denergizing the saidmag- The wiring-for the eleetromagnet 102 is indicated by the wires b b,which are of usual character.

I do not limit the invention in every instance to the employment of boththe vertically and horizontally projected lenses 89 .96; but it isobvious that the utility of the instrument is very mut'h increased whenboth of these lenses are employed, nor do I limit the invention in everyinstance to the employment at the objective end of the instrument of thedouble cylindrical concave lenses shown; but I regard it as veryadvantageous to employ this special character of lens, owing to itsefficiency, the fact that it is in one integral piece, and the readinesswith which it may'be manufactured with true cylindrical .5 0r nozzles1.63 to receive electric lamps 104, incased in suitable globes 105 forilluminating equal concave opposite faces and with the concavitiesextending at a right angle to each other. I believe that I am the firstperson to discover or utilize a double cylindrical concave'lens of thecharacter described, and I have made this specific lens the subject of aseparate application for Letters Patent, said application having beenfiled November 7, 1904, and bearing Serial No.'231,677. v

The box 43 at the objective end of the in.- strument is provided withsuitable brackets the region about the objective end of the instrument,and above the electric lamps 104 may, if desired, be provided areflector-hood 106, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2. The electriclamps 104 will be operated by an attendant on the platform 44, the wiresfor the lamps extending from the switchboard 69, thence into the chamber71 of the box 66, and thence downwardly through the space intermediatethe outer and inner tubes 41.-

It isintended that the lamp globes shall when circumstances so requirebe of t nted glass or crystal, so that the'hght emanating certain watersprejudicial to securing clear reflections.

The instrumentmay, as above indicated, be employed with or withoutapparatus for photographing the images observable by means of the lenses89 96, and when it is desired to employ such photographic apparatus thesame will be inelosed in auxiliary boxes 107 and 108, (represented moreclearly in Figs. 2, 22, and 23 these boxes being connected with the mainbox 43, and the apparatus of the box 107 being intended for use inconnection with the objective-lens 89, while the apparatus in the box108 is intended for use in connection with the lens 96. The box 107 isprovided with a downwardly-extending tube 109, which will carry at itsower end the usual or any suitable photogra hie lens, and the said tube109 is in reasonab ynear relation to the lens 89,'so that a persondesiring to photographobjects directly below the. instrument may makehis observations through the lens 89 prior to or at the time ofoperating the photogra hie ap aratus'contained-in the box 107. ithin t ebox 107 I provide a shutter 110 for openin and closing the upper end ofthe tube 109, t is shutter being more clearly illustrated in Fig.23..The shutter 110 is in the form of a plate carried at the outer end oi ahinged arm 111, and to this plate is connecteda spring 112, whichnormally acts'to hold the shutter closed over .the tube 109, the end ofthe guide-plate 113 serving to arrest the shutter when it reaches itsposition directly over said tube. The means shown for opening theshutter 1 is an electromagnet 1 14, which when en'er ized by theattendant on the platform 44 wilI attract to itself the said shutter110, and thereby withdraw saidshutter from over the'tube 109. When theelectromagnet 114 is deenergized,

it will release the shutter 110 and permit the "spring 112 to restoresaid shutter to its position over thetube 109. The electric wires forenergizing and deenergizing the electromagnet 1 14 are of usualcharacter and will extend from the switchboard 69 and through the spaceintermediate the outer and inner tubes and 41, and the wiring for theelectromagnet 114 is indicated by the wires a a.

The present invention is notlimited to any special character of film orphotographic operating mechanism, since it is obvious that many knownforms ofcameras may be utilized within the box 107 and abovethesighttube 109. I therefore in Fig. 22 merely-indicate diagrammaticallyat 115 acamera'or that portion thereof for holding the film or plates,the movement of which toward and across the upper end of the tube 109may be accomplished by any of the known methods, but

preferably by means of electrical energy from the switchboard 69.

The box 108 is a duplicate of tl 107 and contains the same photographicapparatus, shutter, and shutter-operating means as that just abovedescribed with respect .to the box 107. Since, however, the tube 94 ofthe box 43 projects horizontally for taking observations in a horizontaldirection, the tube 116 of the box 108 projects horizontally, and it isin near relation to the lens 96 for the tube 94, as indicated in Figs. 2and 22. The

operator on the platform 44 may observe on .the' reflector 97 images ofthe objects to be photographed bythe camera within the box 108. Theboxes 107 and 108 may j have brackets 117 formed on them to receiveelec- 5 trio lamps, and in any instance the electric lamps will be sodisposed as to create the maximum amount of illumination. The boxes 10?and 108 may also be provided with sharp spurs or spikes 118 (shown indetail in Figs. 5 and 6) to protect the objective end of the instrumentfrom the attacks of inhabitants of the sea. The boxes 107-108 containthe cameras and form dark chambers, the electric lamps being exterior tothese boxes.

2'5 The operation of the instrument above described will be obvious fromthe foregoing description, and hence further detailed explanation ofsuch operation is not required. I will, however, call attention to thefact that 0 preliminary to the use of the, instrument the air should beextracted therefrom, so as to' prevent condensation on the lenses, forwhich reason the entire interior of the instrument intermediate theobjective-lens of .the telescope 65 and the lower or mainobjectiveextremity of theinstrument'is made air-tight. The joints of thetelescope 65 are not made "air-tight and are not necessary so to beconstructed, because the exhaustion of the air 9 takes place at a pointbelow the lower end of the telescope 65, which is an auxiliary featureof the instrument a V is in itself of wellknown commercial construction.

The instrument above described is suspended from the platform 44 and iscapable of axial motion upon the turn-table shown in Figs. 20-and 21,and the said platform 44 is intended to be suspended from over the sideof a vessel by any suitable means. The

ropes or cables 64 will be connected with any overhead support extendingfrom the vessel, and their purpose is to aid in sustaining theinstrument and prevent its being bent or injured by the action of thewaves. The pur- 5' 5 ose of sus endin the latform 44 by means P P e P ofthe spring hanger shown in Fig '12'is to obviate as far as possible theswaying motion.

' of the vessel from beingcommunicated to said platform and theinstrument suspended 4 6o therefrom as well as to prevent any other jarnot be desirable to have the instrument ex-. posed over the side of avessel. In Figs. 26 and 27 I illustrate a portion of a vessel 119containing a vertical tube 120, extending downwardly, through itsh'oldin line with an opening in the bottom of the vessel, this tube 120 beingintended'to receive the instrument of my invention and to permit thesame to be lowered downwardly throu h the same when desired forthepurposefo taking observations below the vessel. The tube 120 is a plaincylindrical tube and furnishes a housing for the submarine instrument ofmy invention, and the said tube 120 adjacent to its lower portion willbe provided with aslide or gate valve 121 for closing the lower end ofthe tube when desired for the purpose of preventing. the water frominjuring the objective end of the instrument when the latter is not inuse. The valve 121 will be provided with a threaded stem 12.2, so thatit may be opened and closed by means of miter gearwheels 123, operatedfrom above by means of a rod 124.=;t When my invention is employed inthe manner indicated in Fig. 26, the obj ective end of the instrumentwill conform to the lower ortion of the tube 120, and hence in Fig. 27illustrate the box 125 at the ob* jective end of the instrument as beingcircular in horizos ital cross-sectionand provided with spiral blades126 on its outer surface to scrape any-foreign matter from the interiorwalls oi he tube 120. In Fig. 27- the numeral 127 denotes theobjectivedens, and 128 the lamps for illuminating the region about saidlens I also provide the outer tube 40 of the instrument shown in Fig. 27'with a disk frame 129 for centering the instrument within said tube120. When it is desired to use the instrument shown-in F ig. 27. thesame will be-lowered down through the tube 120 until the objective endof the instrument is properly exposed below the vessel, and after suchuse of the instrument the latter will be rithdrawn upwardly into thetube 120 and the gate-valve 121 closed.

When either form of the instrument hereinbefore described has itsobjective and in the water, air or' air-globules are Jikely at times tocollect about. theiouter face of'the objective-lens and obscurethenvision and to avoid this result I provide an outlet-port through themounting of saidlens, through cape. The port 140 should incline upwardlyand outwardly from the face of a verticallyp ojected lens, as shown inFig. 3, and when the lens is' projected horizontally the said ort shouldbe placed inthe mounting at the upper edge of the lens. s

l contemplate the employment of the in strument on and connection withvessels of all Kinds, including submarine boats, and I may z'i'ientionthat in its employment on sub' which port-the air and air-globules mayesmarine boats the instrument may have its objective end turned upwardlyabove the surface of the Water and observations and photographs madeWhile the boat is submepged.

hat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A submarine telescope having a lens at its objective end, means forilluminating the region about said lens, and means for extracting theair from within the telescope; substantially as set forth.

2. A submarine telescope having a lens at its objective end, combinedwith a box carried by the instrument at-said objective end and having aphotographic lens in reasonably near relation to said objective-lens,means exterior to said box for illuminating the region about the same,and means within said box and cooperating with said photographic lensfor directly photographing the images observablebymeans of saidobjectivelens substantially as set forth.

A submarine telescope having a lens at its objective end, combined witha box carried by the instrument at said objective end and having aphotographic lens in reasonably near relation to said objective-lens,means exterior to said box for illuminating the region about the same,means within said box and cooperating with said photographic lens fordirectly photographing the images observable by means of saidobjective-lens, a shutter normally closed over said photographic lens,and electrical means for opening said shutter; substantially as setforth.

4. A submarine telescope having the outer barrel or tube, the innerobservation-tube extending substantially throughout the length of saidouter tube, means for maintaining said inner tube and spacing it fromsaid outer tube, a lens at the objective end of the instrument, andelectric lamps for illuminating the region about said objective end, theelectric wires for said lamps being admitted through the space betweensaid inner and outer tubes; substantially as set forth.

5. A submarine telescope having the outer barrel or tube, the innerobservation-tube extending substantially throughout the length of saidouter tube, means for maintaining said inner tube and spacing it fromsaid outer tube, a lens at the objective end of the instrument, electriclamps for illuminating the region about said objective end, a boxcarried by the instrument at its objective end and having a photographiclens in reasonably near relation to said objective-lens, means withinsaid box and cooperating with said photographic lens for directlyphotographing the images observable by means of said objective-lens, ashutter normally closed over said photographic lens, and electricalmeans for opening said shutter, the electric Wires for said lamps andphotographing apparatus being admitted through the space between saidouter and inner tubes substantially as set forth.

6. A telescope comprising the outer barrel or tube, the innerobservation-tube extending substantially throughout the length of saidouter tube, means for maintaining said inner tube and spacing it fromsaid outer tube, a box carried by the instrument at its objective endand having a lens, and a reflector within said box in line with saidlens and said inner tube; substantially as set forth. 7

7. A telescope comprising the outer and inner tubes and having at itsobjective end a box, a reflector therein in line with said inner tube, alens for cooperation with said reflector, means adjacent to said lensfor photographing the images refracted through the same, and means forilluminating the region about said box; substantially as set forth.

8. A submarine telescope having at its obj ective end a lens in linewith the tube of the instrument, a lens disposed at an angle there; to,a reflector for receiving the images pre-. sented by said lastmentionedlens, and means for moving said reflector to position in line with saidtube and from such position;

' substantially as set forth.

9. A submarine telescope having at its objective end a box, a lenscarried by said box andprojected horizontally, a reflector within saidbox at an angle of forty-five degrees to the tube of the instrument andto the line of saidlens, means for illuminating the region about saidbox, and means carried by said box for directly photographing theobjects observed through the instrument; substantially as set forth.

10. A submarine telescope having at its objective end a lens in linewith the tube of the instrument, a lens projected at an angle thereto, areflector for receiving the images from said last-mentioned lens, meansfor moving said reflector to and from position in line with said tube,and independent means adjacent to each of said lenses for directlyphotographing the images observable therethrough; substantially as setforth.

11. A submarine telescope having at its objective end a lens in linewith the tube of the instrument, a lens projected at an angle thereto, areflector for receiving the images from said last-mentioned lens, meansfor moving said .reflector to and from position in line with said tube,and a turn-table supporting the instrument from its upper portion andpermitting the same to .be turned axially; substantially as set forth.

12. A submarine telescope having at its objective end a box, a reflectortherein iirline with the tube of the instrument, a lens carried by saidbox in line and for cooperation with said reflector, means forilluminating the region about said box, and a turn-table supporting theinstrument from its upper portion and permitting the same to be turnedaxially; substantially as set forth.

13. A telescope comprising the inner and outer'tubes and having adjacentto its eyepiece end a switchboard and a box to which the outer tube isconnected, and provided at its outer end with a lens and electric lampsfor illuminating the region about said lens, said box forming a chamberleading to the space between said tubes for receiving the electric wireswhich pass from said switchboard to the lamps; substantially as setforth.

1%. A telescope comprising the inner and outer tubes and having adjacentto its eyepiece end a switchboard and a box to which the outer tube isconnected, and provided at its outer end with a lens, electric lamps,and electrically-operated photographic apparatus, said box forming achamber leading to the space between said tubes for receiving-theelectric wires which pass from said switchboard to said photographic.apparatus and lamps; substantially as set forth.

15. The platform and means ,for yieldingly suspending the same, combinedwith a submarine telescope extended through said platform and having aneyepiece at its upper end 'and a lens at its lower end with means forsiaese illuminating the region about said lower end; substantially asset forth.

16. The platform having a turntable thereon, combined with a submarinetelescope extended through said platform and mounted on said turn-tableand having an eyepiece at its upper end, and at its lower end carrying abox containing a reflector in line with said eyepiece and having ahorizontallyprojected lens in line with said reflector; sub stantiallyas set forth.

1". A telescope comprising a tubular body portion having a. telescope atone end and a lens at the other end and being air-tight between said endportions, combined with means for e 'tracting the air from within theinstrument ix; hereby prevent condensation on the lens; subs antiail yas set forth.

18. A submarine telescope having a lens at its objective end andprovided in the mounting of said lens with an escape-port for such airor air-globules as may gather about the outer face of said lens;substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, this 12th day of November, A. D. 1904.

EDWARD A. TRAPP.

itnesses:

CHAS. G. GILL, ARTHUR MARION.

